I have often wondered how weird my situation is working in government. Lately I am one of those IDs you mentioned who does the design, development, and graphic design all-in-one due to our limited resources. If a project requires SMEs, I coordinate with them directly. It can be overwhelming so I usually focus on one major project at a time, two at most, with maybe a couple smaller things on the side.
My day looks very different because I don't have set "stages" to my projects. Once I have a very general sense of the goals/content sequence/key takeaways that's been approved by my manager, I bounce between design and development as ideas come to me, often developing sections out of sequence. Sometimes I just start developing something and design ideas emerge. It's very free-flowing and flexible.
I have weekly meetings to discuss new ideas with my boss and get feedback, sometimes with a storyboard if the development involved will be significant, but often not as I'm given a lot of independence. My boss also tries to be available for spontaneous meetings if I get an idea but want to ensure he is on board before I put much time into development.
We serve state employees rather than a client, so our feedback process consists mainly of internal comments from my boss throughout the project and from coworkers who comment on the final product. My coworkers mainly work as face-to-face trainers and I am the only dedicated online designer/developer in my division. From my interactions with my counterparts in other government agencies I get the sense that other government IDs have similar situations where they must wear many hats. I'm curious if anyone else, private or public, can relate?