Redundancy Principle: Should You Duplicate Narrated Text on Screen?

Pertaining to the cell phone tower example - I think we are not comparing actual circumstances. I am not sure it is exemplifying the points in the article above. Who would put a long list of only text on one screen? No good e-learning designer I know. Instead, each line of text would probably have its own animation akin to the last example. These would be on separate slides. Then perhaps the complete text might be available on a summary slide. If the examples were more congruent then one might be able to feel the effect of redundancy or not. The second example with different text versus narration was definitely jarring but the first two examples were so long I only paid attention to the first text example. If I would have had a picture to occupy my mind while the person was talking; I could have read, then analyzed the picture in context while the narration continued. In the second example - I could have watched the animation while the narration was going and not maybe felt it as jarring that the narration didn't match because I would have had something else to do then simply read along. The last example caught my attention for longer but I felt the lack of any text - I would have appreciated some. In this example, I think it definitely needed an illustration because I could not picture it correctly without it; without text, I could not catch the major points and hold on to them. It would be interesting to see what effect showing the visual with narration as in the last example, then having the text appear might have. I definitely retain more information if I have the opportunity to read versus just listen if I am trying to retain information but don't need it if I am "feeling" - retaining a motivation, if that makes sense. So the purpose comes into play. It would be interesting to use examples that did not change as many variables per example so one could get the effect of true redundancy versus inappropriately large amounts of text per slide without any illustrations versus illustrations with no text at all. So perhaps a tweak on these examples is in order... and may prove to be more telling in designing the best e-learning. My 2 cents