Can someone without an Articulate license present a PowerPoint made with articulate features?

You should be able to save and share your PowerPoint file.

If you're working in PowerPoint and you use one of the Articulate templates and add characters and whatnot, that will all work. The only thing that won't work are the Articulate-specific features like annotations, Engage, Quizmaker, etc. In that case, you'll have to follow Eric's advice above.